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在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词.这时许多同学立即翻阅词典,查找词义.这样做不但费时费力,而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握.事实上,阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系.我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义.近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查,因此,掌握一定的猜词技巧,对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义.
这种题常见的提问方式有：
The underlined word “__”in the passage means __.
What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for?
The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____.
The word/phrase “__” could best be replaced by __.
The word/phrase “__” in Line等, Para 等refers to__
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”?
What’s the meaning of “____” in Line 等, Para 等?
The author uses the word “____” to indicate____?
做这种类型的题,要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义.因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键.命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生,我们要特别注意熟词生义,切不可脱离语境想当然.猜测词义时,要掌握以下三个做题要领和六种解题技巧：
做题要领
1）文中找线索或信息词；
2） 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思.
解题技巧
技巧 1
Definition 定义法：一般通过定义/定语从句/词组或同位语从句来确定词义
It will be very hard but very brittle—that is , it will break easily .
从后面的解释中,我们可以了解到brittle是“易碎的,脆的”的意思
The herdan , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdan的词义为“牧羊人”.
技巧 2
Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义.
表示对比的词有but 、 yet 、 while 、however、 otherwise等.
Exercise
1. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. 根据对比关系,这里cool和tropical是相反的意义,很容易判断理tropical的意思为： Hot 热的
2.Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely. 根据对比关系“homely” means “ ugly 技巧 4
Cause￡Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果,从结果推测原因 1. Hat museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 既然一天之内看不完所有的展品,这个博物馆当然是够“大的”了.
2.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
从后面的结果"永远不能再运动"中,可以推测 permanent 的意思为"永远的,永久的".
技巧 5
Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义.
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machine, refrigerators and color televisions.
根据for instance后面列举的一系列例子,我们应该能推断出句中appliances的是指“家用电器”.
常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等.
技巧 6
Word Formation 构词法：在猜测词义过程中,我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识,从生词本身猜测词义.
1. 根据前缀猜测词义
例如：（05江西卷E段）Do you he any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools? 根据词根educational （教育的）,结合前缀co-（共同,一起）,我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思.
2. 根据后缀猜测词义
例如：（05 广东卷E段）It's a quiet, fortable hotel overlooking （俯瞰） the bay in an unmercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point.
后缀 -ise/ize意思是使成为；使化,结合词根mercial（商业的）,不难猜出 unmercialized 的意思是：未被商业化的.
3. 根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如：（05 北京卷B段）Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.
Well-designed 或许是个生词,但我们分析该词的结构后,就能推测出其含义.它由well （好,优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成,合在一起便是设计精巧的意思.
（04浙江卷D 段）We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft （手艺） no longer exists.
根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产）,我们可以推测 mass-produce的意思是：大批量生产；规模生产的意思.
技巧 7
Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义
1） He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.
A see clearly B understand C expect
从上句“他显得非常紧张,讲了一会我才懂得他讲的内容等”中判断make out意为understand,故选 B.
根据上下文判断新词汇的确切意思典型例句分析.
例题：（1）
Tom can't find his sneakers.
A.Money B. bowls C. shoes
Tom can't find his white sneakers.
A.Money B. bowls C. shoes
Tom can't play tennis now because he can't find his white sneakers.
A.Money B. bowls C. shoes
【解析】sneakers中学课本中未出现过的新词.根据英语语法,A.B、C代入句子中都正确一.作为名词的A、B、C代人句中意思也说得通.但在speakers前加一个修饰语white就成为Tom can't find his white sneakers.那么 A则可去掉,答案则可能是B和C.而在这句的前面再加一层意思,这就是：Tom can't play tennis now because he can't find his white sneakers. 这样一看就知道bowls（碗）与打网球没有什么联系,而shoes与打网球却有密切联系,不穿鞋怎么打网球呢?C就成为唯一正确选项.
总之,同学们在解这类题时一定要注意不要脱离语境.有些常用词在特定的上下文中,或专业性文章中,具有特殊的或专门的词义.在解这类题时,必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文,有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些.如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义,必然选错答案.