电子商务在中国的主要局限性

本文是一篇电子商务论文范文,电子商务有关硕士毕业论文,关于电子商务在中国的主要局限性相关学士学位论文范文。适合电子商务及信息技术及电子商务发展方面的的大学硕士和本科毕业论文以及电子商务相关开题报告范文和职称论文写作参考文献资料下载。

摘 要：近几十年来,电子商务的发展在世界各地起着越来越重要的作用；然而在发展中国家其发展速度却慢于其他国家.笔者不仅探讨了电子商务的发展历史,还分析了在中国电子商务发展不同阶段的局限性并找到相应的解决方案.本文遵循电子商务的发展历史,从电子商务在中国的发展业务及电子商务容易被忽视的方面,最重要的是造成的限制及其在中国应该如何解决几方面来阐述,从中得出电子商务在中国的成功更应该取决于管理和信息技术,而不是经济.

关 键 词：中国技术经济管理

Abstract：Inrecentdecades,e-merceplaysanincreasingimportantroleinallovertheworld；however,thestepofdevelopmentindevelopingcountriesisslowerthanothercountries.Thepurposeoftheprojectisnotonlytoinvestigatethehistoricaldevelopmentofe-merce,butalsotoanalysethedifferentlimitationsofthee-merceinChinaandfindouttheappropriatesolutionstodealwiththem.Thisprojectwouldmaintainthehistoricaldevelopmentofe-merce,theeffectsofe-mercedevelopmentonbusinessinChina,aspectsofe-mercearebeingneglected,mostimportantincausingthelimitation,HowshouldthelimitationsinChinabedealtwith.Myresultisthatthesuccessofe-merceinChinaiorelikelytodependontheadministrationandinformationtechnologyratherthantheeconomy.

KeyWords：China,Technology,Economy,Administration

1.Introduction

Intheinterera,e-merceperformscrucialrolesinsocialandeconomicdevelopment,andmaybedefinedasaspecialplatformprovidingopportunitiestoexchangeproducts,servicesandinformationonline,leadingtotheinnovationoftrade,whichisextremelydifferentwiththetraditionaltype（Connerty2001）.

Thedevelopmentofadvancedtransactiononlinehaspopularizedallovertheworld.Thislargeglobalmarketpromotestheimprovementsofdifferentallbusinessrangingfromgeneralmerchandisetohouseholdapplications.Thesee-customersareimmersedintorealisticworkworldfilledwithproductsandservices.However,manycustomersandsuppliersareconcernedabouttheslawspeedofimprovementofe-merceintheircountries,suchasChina.

Someauthors（AvilaandBoncanoska1998,UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment2002）arguedthate-mercehasbeendevelopedandappliedinmostofcountries,especiallythedevelopingcountries.Itcouldaffectthesuppliers’motivation,thelivingofcustomersandthejobopportunitiesinsociety.AgrowingnumberofauthorsprefertoresearchintothefutureofChinesee-merce（ErnstandHe2000）,notonlyintermsofitsbenefitsonlocalpeople,butalsointermsofitactorsimpededthedevelopmentofe-merceinChina.InZhu’s（2000）andZhang’s（2003）article,theyfoundthatthisdevelopmentcouldbedeterminedbyseveralfactors,suchaseconomy,administrationaswellasthestandardlevelofinformationtechnology.However,themostimportantlimitationine-merce,whichissovaluableespeciallywhenfindingtheappropriatesolutions,islikelytobeneglectbythem.Hence,theoverallaimofresearchistoparethesethreedifferentlimitationsandfindoutthemainones.Theresearchisdividedintothreeparts.Firstly,itwillidentifytheglobale-mercedevelopment,secondly,theproblemfacedbyChinesee-merceandimportanceofdifferentlimitationstoe-mercedevelopmentinChina.Finally,accordingtotheparisonforwhichtwoaremostessentialfactors,themostimportantlimitationsarepresentedanddiscussed.

2.E-merce

2.1.DevelopmentofGlobalE-merce

E-merceisakindofnewplatformdescribingtheprocessesofbuyingandsellingandthetransactionofproducts,servicesandinformationviaworkcircumstance,suchasInter（Turban1999）.Itmeansthatcustomerscouldfindandgetthegoodsprovidedbysuppliersonline.AccordingtoBoncanoska（AvilaandBoncanoska1998）,owingtothedevelopmentofIntertechnology,thenewconceptofmercehasbeendevelopedandpopularizedallovertheworldoverthedecades,duetothefactthatanincreasinglynumberofpeopleheaccessedtotheInter.Theamountofusersofe-merceisbeingincreaseddramaticallyby200%from2000to2006（ibid）.Arisingnumberofcountrieshadjoinedintotheinnovationofmerceworldbytheyearof2005,asshowninFigure1.

Figure1：2005WorldRankRegionE-merce（AvilaandBoncanoska1998）

Fromthefigure,itindicatesthatuntil2005,theWesternEuropeandNorthAmericahasbeenthemainmarketsofthisnewmodelmerce,andotherareasoccupythemarketquotienteragely,whichmeansthatthedegreesofdevelopmentsofe-merceindifferentareasarebeingdevelopedatthesametime.Thevolumeofglobalbusinessonlineincreasedfrom210billionin2008to610billionin2012（Turban1999）.

2.2.EffectsofE-merceinDevelopingcountries

Duringthe1990s,theprocessofe-mercehasbeenimprovedinthemajorityofdevelopingcountries.Thedevelopmentofinfrastructureinthesecountriespromotesthechangesoflocaleconomyenvironment,leadingtoalterthetraditionaltypesofmerce（Efendioglu,YipandMurray1998）.Thee-mercehasplayedanessentialroleinthesechangesofsociety.Thereareasignificantnumberofbenefitrome-merce（Turban1999）,asdepictinTable1.

Table1：thebenefitsofe-merceindevelopingcountriesonanizations,customersandsociety（Turban1999）

Itisshownthatthee-mercecouldbringpositiveinfluencesonanizations,customersandlocalsociety.Itmayenableenterprisestosignificantlyexpandtheirmarketplacetonotonlynationalbutalsointernationalmarket,aswellashelpcustomersgettheproductswithlescostsanytime.Whilethemostimportantoneisthatthedevelopmentoflocale-mercereducestheproportionofunemploymentviasupportingtheseallbusinesses.3.E-merceinChina

3.1.TheCurrentSituation

Chinesee-merceisdifferentfromtheoothandreal-timetransactioninothercountrieswithadvancedInter.Thespeciale-transactionpattern,calledOne-stopon-lineshopwithreal-timetransaction,israrelyexistedinChinesee-mercemarket（Li2006）.ItmeansthatChinesee-customersshouldbooktheproductsorservicesonlineandgetthemoff-line.InChina,thegrowingnumberofInterusershasprovidedanopportunityfore-mercedevelopment.AccordingtoBuhalis（2006）,thee-mercewebsitesincreasedfrom1500in1997to590thousandin2003.Nowadays,twoe-mercialwebsitesarebeingregisteredeverydayinChina.Someofthemheachievedsuccess.Forexample,“Taobao”,asoneofthelargeste-mercetransactionplatforminAsia,hasexceededeBayandAmazonbecauseofitssuccesulstrategies（YangandLiu2009,Martinsons2002）.

3.2.TheFutureofE-merce

Thenumberofe-customersinChinaispredictedtoexceed40millionbytheendof2012（ErnstandHe2000）.Someresearchersbelievethatthee-mercewillbeinthedominantpositionofChinesetradeinthenextdecades.However,theflourishinge-mercemarketinChinadoesnotmeantherecannotbeproblems.Ernst（2000）doubtedthatthee-merceinChina,asoneofthelargestnationswiththericherresources,meansandthemotivation,islaggingfarbehindothercountriesintermsofthesizeandscopeofthee-mercemarketing.Atpresent,manycustomers,especiallythoseovertheageof45,preferthetraditionaltradeontheface-to-facebasis,duetoanumberoflimitationseffectedonthedevelopmentofe-merceinChina.Efendioglu（Efendioglu2004）foundthatcultureissues,suchas‘socializingeffectofmerce’and‘attitudestowarddebt’arelikelytobedeterminedtobetheimpedimentstoChinesee-merce.

3.3.Limitations

Zhu（Zhu2000）showedth

本文是一篇电子商务论文范文,电子商务有关硕士毕业论文,关于电子商务在中国的主要局限性相关学士学位论文范文。适合电子商务及信息技术及电子商务发展方面的的大学硕士和本科毕业论文以及电子商务相关开题报告范文和职称论文写作参考文献资料下载。

3.3.1.TheEconomicAspect

Theeconomyisoneofthemainaspectsinlimitationsofe-merceinChina,Zhang）,owingtothefactthateconomylevelisthefoundationofsuccessofeveryintroduction.Meanwhile,Zhang（2003）foundthatChineseeconomydevelopmentlevelisparativelyveryweak.WhenparingwiththeGPDpercapitaofthosedevelopedcountriesorregions（asshowninTable2）,Chinesewholedevelopmentremainarlaggard.Table2：GDPPerCapitaUSdollar（Zhang2003）

ThetableindicatestheGDPpercapitainChinaiarlowerthanthoseinothercountries,althoughithadincreasedfrom520dollarsin1995to789dollarsin1999.AccordingtoZhu（Zhu2000）,thelackofhigheconomylevelmayweakenthemotivationofbusinesen’sinvestmentmotivation,whichalsosupportsthelivingenvironmentofChinesee-merce.

3.3.2.TheAdministrationAspect

Nowadays,thereisalackoflawsandregulatoryframeworkrelatedtothesecurityofe-merceinChina（Zhu2000）.Toparewiththerulesinothercountries,wherethevariouinancialindustriesarehighlypounded,theruleofe-merceinChinaisquitedifferent,becausethosefinancialservicepaniescouldonlyprovideserviceofbanking,insuranceorsecurities,whichsignificantlyconstrictstheirfutureonmentofmerce.Zhang（Zhang2003）thoughtthattheleakoflawsinChinarisksthepotentialriskoftransactiononline（e.g.hackers,crackersandfinancialcrimes）,whichresultedinthelackoftrustofe-customers,asthereliabilityofe-merce.Thisseriesofproblemsaboutthesecurityorsafetyposethegreaterchallengestothedevelopmentofe-merceinChina.

3.3.3.TheTechnologicalAspect

DuetoarisingnumberofInterusers,theworkenvironmentandinformationtechnologylevelarerelatedwiththecustomersandsuppliers.MoreenterprisesbegantoissueinformationofproductsbasedontheInter.Zhu（2000）thoughtthatthelackoftheinformationtechnologystandardcouldnotdirectlyimpedethedevelopmentofe-merceinChina,butthemajorityofe-merceprovidershetoworkontheplatformwiththisstandard.Thelowerlevelofinformationislikelytopresentmanymistakesintheapplication,whichareeasilyattackedbyhackersoranizationswhowanttogetunearnedbenefitromtheseerrors.Ontheotherhand,thosee-mercesitesdesignedonlyinChinesecouldimpedethedataexchangeormultinationaltransactions（Zhang2003,Zhu2000）.Hence,thebetterwaytopromotethegrowthofe-merceinChinaistosetupauniversalstandardofinformationtechnologyandtosolvethelanguageissue.

4.Methodology

Massofdataandusefulinformationrelatedtoe-mercedevelopmenthasbeenpresentedindifferentways,academicjournals,booksandwebsites.Thisrangeofliteraturesourcewillbeusedinthisreport.Thecarefulanalysisofitshistoryanddevelopmentcouldcontributetofindingoutthepotentialdevelopmenttrendinothercountries,especiallyinChina.Intheprocessofanalyzingcurrentsituationofe-merceinChina,wemayfindseverallimitationsandfactorsoflocale-merce.5.Results

AccordingtoZhang（2003）,threedifferentfactorsofe-merce（administration,economyandinformationtechnology）willbringsomenegativeinfluencesonthedevelopmentofChinesee-merceondistinctaspects,suchassafety,reliability,motivation,livingenvironment,securityandstability,whichareshownintheFigure

Figure1：relationshipsbetweenthethreemainfactorsofe-merce（Zhang,2003）

Fromthepicture,itisshownthateconomydevelopmentmayjustchangethelivingenvironmentofe-merceinChinaandthebusinesen’sinvestmentmotivation.Theimprovementofadministrationwilleffectonthesafetyofe-transactionandreliabilityofthepublic,especiallythecustomers.However,thestableimprovementandinformationsecurityoflocale-mercerelyonthestandardlevelofinformationtechnologydirectlyandsignificantly.Ontheotherhand,Zhu（2000）foundthatalloftheeffectsarelikelytoplaydifferentrolesinthedevelopmentoflocale-merce.Forexample,themostimportantfactoristhee-transactionsafetyorinformationsecuritywhichispaidmoreattentionbybothofthecustomersandsuppliers,becauseitisnotonlyrelatedtotheirfinancialbenefits,butalsoeasytoreducethereliabilityofe-merce,trustofthecustomersandinvestmentmotivationofsuppliersignificantly.Thestabilityofe-merceapplicationioreessentialthanthelivingenvironment.Hence,theresultofthisresearchisthattheadministrationandinformationtechnologyaremorelikelytoimpedethefutureofChinesee-mercethaneconomy.Duetothelowstandardlevelofinformationtechnology,thee-mercesystemmaybeunstableandeasytobeattackedbyhackers,leadingtothelossofvaluabledataofe-transaction,eventhefinancialloss,whichislikelytobesimilarlyresultedfromthedeficiencyofsupervisionandtheleaksofthelaws.Meanwhile,owingtothefactthatthefrequencyofe-businessdealanditinancialamountisbeingincreased,thetradesecurityandpersonalinformationprotectionareconcernedbythesemembersinthetransactiononline.Whilethelivingenvironmentresultedfromeconomyisoneoftheconditionorlocale-merce,itisevenmoreimportanthowtoincreasethecustomers’trustandbusinesen’otivationresultedfromthee-mercesecurity.

6.Discussion

TheprojectaimsatfindingoutthemostessentiallimitationorChinesee-merceviatheanalysisofitsdevelopmenttrend.Ithasbeenarguedthate-merceinChinawithrichresourcesisstilllaggingfarbehindothercountriesintermsofitarket（ErnstandHe,2000）.Ontheotherhand,itisalsoarguedthatinfrastructureandsocio-economyinfluencethee-mercedevelopmentinChina（Efendioglu,2004）.However,myresultisthatthesuccessofChinesee-mercemaymainlyrelyontheadministrationandinformationtechnology（IT）standard,becausethee-mercesecurityisrelatedtothebusinesen’sinvestmentmotivationandthetrustofthecustomers,whichconstitutethelivingenvironmentofe-merce.Apparently,leaksofe-merceregularandtheunstablee-mercesystemsaremorelikelytobeattackedbyhackersorthosewhoexpecttogettheunearnedbenefits,leadingthereductionofe-mercesecurityofinformationandtraderesultedindamageofthetrustsofe-customersandsuppliers.AlthoughitioundthatbothofadministrationandITmaybethedecisivelimitationofChinesee-merceintheresearch,therecouldnotbeimpossiblelimitations.Because,theeconomy,administrationandITaremainlystudiedinthisproject,otherfactorsandtheinteractionsbetweendifferentfactorsaremorelikelytobeneglected.

AclearunderstandingofthemainlimitationsofChinesee-mercewillbehelpful,especiallywhenimprovingitsefficiency.Tominimisetheselimitations,theeffectsofeachlimitationandtheirrelationshipsshouldbesyntheticallyconsideredbeforeso

本文是一篇电子商务论文范文,电子商务有关硕士毕业论文,关于电子商务在中国的主要局限性相关学士学位论文范文。适合电子商务及信息技术及电子商务发展方面的的大学硕士和本科毕业论文以及电子商务相关开题报告范文和职称论文写作参考文献资料下载。

7.Conclusion

Theadministrationandinformationtechnologystandardarefoundtobethemostessentiallimitationsaffectedonthedevelopmentofe-merceinChina.However,Manyotherlimitationsandtheirrelationshipaybeneglectedbytheresearch.Theyhebeenstudiedandtheirpossiblesolutionsareproposed.

Toresolvetheseproblems,itissuggestedthattheplexinteractionsbetweenlimitationsneedtobetakenintoaccountandtheirimportanceneedstobealsoputinorder.Theymayenableallconfusedargumentsaboutlimitationstobeeliminated.GovernmentsandscientistsshouldalsoproposesomesolutionstodevelopChinesee-merce,suchasissuingtherelatedlawstokeepthesecurityofinformationandtradeanddevelopingthealle-mercesystemswithlowcostsandeasyvindicatingprocesses.Aftertheseremedies,itiirmlybelievedthatChinesee-mercemightbeimproveddramatically,althoughtherecouldbestillseveralproblems.

Thisresultshouldbeputintopracticaluseandevaluated.Inthefutureresearch,theappropriatesolutiontoimprovethelevelofinformationtechnologystandardandlocaladministrationshouldalsobefocused.

Acknowledgment：ThankyouHilaryThompsontutorforthisarticleguidanceandhelp.

ZhangMengtingatpresentintheUKHeriot-WattUniversityreading.

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