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广东省高考英语科越来越重视语言的应用,尤其注重语言的输出,仅任务型写作就占了25分,但很多考生该部分拿不到高分.其中任务型写作中的写作内容的第二大点要求考生就某个主题发表看法,这一部分的内容一般包括三个要点,这些要点一般都是半开放型的,它给出主题之后需要考生对这一主题进行扩展加工,添加一些紧扣主题的枝节来达到突出主题的目的.在考试中,很多考生在这一部分觉得无话可说,或者说不到点子上,有的考生干脆重复自己的话语,结果影响得分.
在写作中我们通常把用来支持主题句的句子称为支持句或扩展句.扩展句的作用是丰富、支持、扩展主题句的内涵,他们是段落的血和肉.扩展句部分必须层次分明、层层深入.在写作中我们通常采用比较法、对照法、举例法、列举法、分类法、因果法等方法进行扩展.那么写好段落扩展句该注意哪些细节呢? 我认为必须注意以下几点：
一、紧扣主题,围绕中心
写扩展句时要注意,所有的扩展句都必须与主题句保持一致,而且都要为主题句服务,这是写好扩展句的基本要求.只有扩展句紧扣主题句,才不偏离中心.
[例1]举例说明该老师对你学习或成长的影响.（2012广东高考）
This story reminds me of my experience that I was encouraged to study English by my English teacher when I was a middle school student.（主题句） At the time I first entered the senior high school, the subject of English seemed a pletely dark world for me. Yet my English teacher inspired me and I, step by step, followed his instructions into a space full of joy, challenges and achievements. It was my English teacher’s iling face, encouraging words, unexpectedly interesting ways of teaching and strict requirements that ped the way for my success into the English world.
评析：本段的主题句点明了本段的中心思想是要介绍英语老师鼓励和帮助我学习英语的情况.下面的扩展句都围绕中心句具体说明了老师是从哪些方面帮助我的,有力地支持了主题句.
二、顺序合理,保持连贯
要恰当地应用合理的写作顺序（如时间、空间、逻辑等顺序）把各个扩展句有机地组织起来,使其浑然一体.
[例2]你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照.（2009广东高考）
Therefore, I strongly remend that tourists should be forbidden to get too close to zoo animals. First of all, ways should be found to increase people’s awareness of animal protection. Then, the authority concerned should make specific regulations to protect zoo animals. What’s more, those who break the rule are to blame for it and in the worst case, should be fined. I believe only by adopting the above measures can human beings live in harmony with animals.
评析：选用合理的写作顺序,使段落中各扩展句前后衔接,条理清晰,合乎逻辑,这样的话,读者就很容易抓住中心思想.
三、恰当议论,锦上添花
根据实际需要,对某些扩展句进行恰当的点评或做进一步的阐述不但可以丰富段落内容,而且还可以起到深化主题、画龙点睛的作用.
[例3]你认为怎样才能更好地鼓励孩子学习.（2010广东高考）
I think, as a student myself, schools and parents should educate their kids through teaching them to study for their family and their motherland rather than giving them money to let them passively do something. Only by building up some noble and long-range aims can they study on their own initiative.
评析：最后一句深化主题,说明孩子应该树立长远目标才能主动学习,起到画龙点睛的作用.
四、注重结构,层次分明
在段落扩展句的写作中,可以采用“三节式”扩展模式,即“主题句+扩展句+总结句”的结构,这样就使得层次分明.
[例4]2011年湖南省高考题
The picture conveys an important message to us.（主题句） That is, as human society is made up of every individuals, it is our responsibility to make as much effort as possible to make our society a good place to live in. As a matter of fact, every individual has his uniqueness and every individual has something in mon with others as well. Leaning from each other, we can bring richness to our quality and we can live a harmonious life. That is what all the people expect, I am sure.（总结句）
评析：总结句是对本段的主题作最后一次评论,并使读者对本段要点进行深思,产生联想.
总之,在段落扩展句的写作中我们如果能注意到以上几点,就能使自己的文章增色不少,自然就可以拿到高分了.