本文是一篇计算机论文范文,关于计算机类硕士毕业论文,关于再科技英语文写作中的定义与叙述相关研究生毕业论文开题报告范文。适合计算机及计算机程序及科技英语方面的的大学硕士和本科毕业论文以及计算机相关开题报告范文和职称论文写作参考文献资料下载。
摘 要:本文针对科技英语论文的特点,论述了科技英语论文主体中常用的定义与叙述写作方法,分析其常用句型的结构、特点并给出多种不同形式的应用实例.
关 键 词:科技英语论文写作;定义;叙述
中图分类号:H315文献标识码:A
文章的主体是科技论文的核心部分,是主题思想的展开和论述.作者可根据需要在文章中加小标题,将主体内容分为几个部分进行论述.科技论文的英文写作通常把每段的主体句(TopicSentence)放在段落的第一句,全段围绕主体句论述,定义与叙述是科技论文写作中又一种常用的写作方法.
一、定义(Definition)
(一)Introduction
Whenmakingahypothesis(假说)orotherstatement,scientistustmakesurethattheywillbeunderstoodbyotherresearchers.Misunderstandingsoccurwhentherearedifferentconceptsofwhatisbeingdiscussed.
Adefinitionanswersthequestion,“Whatisit”Sometimesadefinitionisnecessarybecauseawordorconcepthaorethanonemeaning.Forexample,whethercarbonisametalornonmetaldependsonhowyoudefinecarbon.Atothertimes,adefinitionisrequiredbecauseatermisbeingusedinaspecialway.Forexample,physicistsusethetermsworkandenergyinwaysthataremorespecificthantheirmonmeanings.Adefinitionshouldbepleteenoughtoincludealltheitemsinthecategoryyetnarrowenoughtoeliminateitemsthatdonotbelong.TheGreekphilosopherPlatooncedefinedmanasatwo-leggedcreaturethathasnofeathers.TheproblemwithPlato'sdefinitionwasthatitdidnotdistinguishamanfromothertwo-leggedcreatureswithoutfeathers.Communicationbetweenresearchersisdependentonprecisedefinitionsofsubstances,concepts,processes,andideas.
GreekphilosopherPlato希腊哲学家帕拉图
(二)Sentencepatterns
Sentencepattern1:
Anastronomerisascientistwhostudiestheuniverse.
Abarometerisaninstrumentthatmeasuresairpressure.
Conductionisaprocessbywhichheatistranerred.
Alaboratoryisaplacewhereexperimentsareperformed.
Physicsisthestudyofmatterandenergy.
Avoltisaunitformeasuringelectricalpressure.
Sentencepattern2:
Mercuryisaliquidmetal.
Asbestosisafire-resistantmineral.
Adinosaurisaprehistoricreptile.
Amonkeyisaall,long-tailedprimate.
(三)ApplicationExamples
be是
mean意思是,意味着,意指
denote表示,指
imply意思是,意味着
benamed命名为,被称为
Examples:
1.Printersareoutputdevices.
打印机是输出设备.
2.Multiprogrammingmeanstheexistenceofmanyprogramsindifferentpartsofmainmemoryatthesametime.
多道程序意味着在主存储器的不同部分同时存在着多个程序.
3.Datadenotesacollectionoffactsthatcanserveasoperandstoputerprogram.
数据是指可作为计算机程序操作对象的集合.
4.A“system”impliesagoodmixtureofintegratedpartsworkingtogethertoformusefulwhole.
“系统”意指将协同工作各部分适当地综合而成的一个有效的整体.
5.Thefirstdigitalputerbuiltin1946attheUniversityofPennsylvaniawasnamedENIAC.
第一台计算机是1946年在宾夕法尼亚大学建造的,命名为ENIAC.
二、叙述(Describing)
(一)Introduction
Adescriptionservestointroduceascientist'sviewoftheworld.Itmaydescribeconditions,resultsofanexperiment,chemicalchanges,physicalmovements,orwhatisseenthroughatelescopeormicroscope.Adescriptionmayalsotellthecharacteristicsordistinctivefeaturesofanobject―howitlook,sounds,tastes,ells,works,orisproduced.
Thenatureofsomethingcanbeexplainedbydescribingit.Forexample,theconceptofanatomisdifficulttograspfromadefinitionalone,butadescriptionofitsappearance,detailingitsstructureandfunction,makesiteasiertovisualize.
(二)Sentencepatterns
TheNileRiveris4,145mileslong.
MountEverestis8,848metershigh.
TheDeadSeais11mileswide.
TheNileRiverhasalength4,145miles.
TheSunhasasurfacetemperatureof11,000°F.
TheGrandCanyonhasadepthof5,500feet.
Thecolorofiodineispurplishblack.
Thetextureofsandisroughandgranular.
Theorbitsofplasareelliptical.
Plutoisrelativelyall.
Bluestarsareextremelyhot.
Coppersaltsareslightlyblueinaqueoussolutions.
(三)ApplicationExamples
be是
beconsidered(tobe)被认为是,被看作
beknownas被称为是,被认为是,即
bereferredtoas称为,叫做
bethoughtofas被认为是
beregardedas被认为是
Examples:
1.Thisabilitytoallowinterruptstointerruptpreviousinterruptsserviceroutinessafelyarereferredtoasnestedinterrupts.
允许某些中断去中断先前的中断服务程序,并能正确运行的能力称为嵌套中断.
2.Oneofthemostimportantcharacteristicsofaputerisitscapabilityofstoringinformationinitemorylongenoughtoprocessit.
计算机最重要的特性之一就是具有这样一种能力,即在它的存储器中保存信息时间长到足以对这些信息进行处理.
3.Inthemajorityofapplicationstheputer'scapabilitytostoreandaccesslargeamountsofinformationplaysthedominantpartandisconsideredtobeitsprimarycharacteristic.
在大部分的应用中,计算机能够存储和访问大量的信息这一特性,起了关键的作用,并被看成是计算机的主要特点.
除了定义(Definition)与叙述(Describing)的写作方法以外,科技英语论文常用的写作方法还有:比较(Comparing)、因果(CauseandEffect)、假设(Hypothesizing)、证明(GivingEvidence)、实验(Experiment)、计算(Calculating)、报告(Reporting)、预测(Predicting)等.