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词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见题型.通过对近几年湖北卷高考题的阅读理解题的统计,我们会发现2014年词义猜测题在阅读理解部分有1题,2013年考了1道,而2012年湖北卷考了4道.虽然近两年直接考查这种能力的题目不多,但是这种不借助词典,而是通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力,是同学们在考试时必须具备的,它能让我们更好地理解上下文,其实这也是阅读理解题对这种能力的间接考查.
词义猜测题的常见考点有：
1. 直接猜测某个词的含义；
2. 判断文中的某个代词指代的对象；
3. 对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义；
4. 对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接或解释性的描述.
常见设问形式有：
1.The word “ABC”in the passage probably means .
2.The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means .
3.Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph?
4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means .
5.The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to .
词义猜测题的解题技巧我们可以归纳为8条：
1.根据近义词关系推测.
作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词,以使它的意思更清楚.我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思：一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二要看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词.近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中.如：
At the beginning they did not he enough capital to start a business,nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.
根据nor结构后的money,bank可以推测capital在这里不是指“首都”而是指“资金”.
2.根据反义词关系推测.
作者常常通过使用反义词来使文章更具表现力,我们可以利用反义词作为线索去推测句中出现的生词的意思：一看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等；二看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语.如：
He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.
根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely即“不英俊的、不漂亮的”意思.
Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
从句子结构看,expand与contract相对应,when heated与when cooled相对应.因为“加热”与“使冷却”是相反的动作,那么contract就应是“收缩”的意思.
3.根据同位或解释关系推测.
当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时,他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点.我们可以通过生词后的定语（定语从句或分词短语等）、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测生词的意思.
常见的用来表示同位或解释关系的词或短语有：is,means,or...；that is,that is to say；in other words,to put it another way,be called..is/are known as..can be defined as等.如：
But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time. Then there is a dry period,or drought.
由or可知a dry period和drought是同义语.故drought的意思为“久旱,旱灾”.
It will be very hard but also very brittle―that is,it will break easily.
从后面的that is,it will break easily可知brittle的意思是“脆的”.
4.根据转折或对比关系推测.
由上下句之间的表示转折或对比关系的连词或副词,如but,however等来推断.如：
She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
由but后面“第一节课上了一半才来”反向推理,可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论.
5.根据因果关系推测.
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词,既可由因推果,也可由果推因.有时文章借助关联词,如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等表示因果关系.如：
You shouldn’t he blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault. 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的错）,可猜出blame的词义是“责备”.
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.
从so后面的结果“再也不能运动”中,可以推测 permanent的意思为“永远的,永久的”.
6.根据列举的实例推测.
根据such as,for example等后列举的实例可推测出前面某个词语的意思.如：
Cars must he certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.
根据such as后面列举的内容可知devices应该为“装置”的意思.
7.根据并列同类关系推测.
一般来说,并列的几个事物应属同类事物,由此可推测其中一个的大概意思.如：
Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.
从句子中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是“菠萝”和“椰子”.
8.根据描述推测.
描述即作者为帮助读者更深入感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物外在相貌或内在特征的描写.如：
The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
从描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类,后面更详尽的描述则让我们推测出它其实是“企鹅”.
例1 Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success.
According to the study,if the cat is adopted before the dog,and if they are introduced when still young （less than 6 months for cats,a year for dogs）,it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.
The underlined word “swimmingly” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A.early B.sweetly
C.quickly D.oothly
解析 第一句提出问题“猫狗能否同屋和谐相处”,第二句讲人们“担心猫狗打架”,第三句说最新的研究发现成功解决猫狗打架的“新秘方（a new recipe of success） ”,接下来就应该讲什么是“秘方”了,包含swimmingly一词的句子便是“秘方”所在.if引导条件状语从句,意为满足这些条件（即“秘方”）,猫狗就会“相处好”；再由本句后面一句中的a positive relationship between their cat and dog可以进一步确定说的是猫狗“相处得好”,故选D.
例2 “He a nice day. Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words e out in the same tone （腔调） with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me,not to me. Obviously,the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business.
What does the underlined sentence in the Paragraph mean?
A.The salesgirl is rude.
B.The salesgirl is bored.
C.The salesgirl cares about me. D.The salesgirl says the words as a routine.
解析 由该段最后一句Obviously,the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business.可知.此题也可以通过分析其他三个选项得出答案,A、B、C三个选项文中均未提及,属于无中生有.答案：D
下面提供一组习题,供同学们练习：
1. Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment,the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the puter screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Inter access was locked remotely to prevent Inter searches,and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was. Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?
In the battle against cheating,this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education...
The underlined expression “cutting edge” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A.advanced technique B.sharpening tool
C.effective rule D.dividing line
2. Here lies the problem for trel writer and food critic （评论家） Edie Jarolim.“I always loved treling and always liked to eat,but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things.”
The underlined word “both” refers to .
A.treling and working
B.writing and shopping
C.treling and eating
D.writing and eating
3. However,to succeed in life,one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And,in addition to that,in order to generally good at something,one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To bee great at certain things,it’ll require even more time,time that most people won’t put in.
The underlined word “that” refers to .
A.being good at something
B.setting a practical goal
C.putting in more time
D.succeeding in life
解析 1. A.由第一段的具体描述来看,这是防止的先进技术,选A.其他选项“磨锐刀具”“有效的规则”和“分界线”都不合语境.
2. C.判断both指代的内容,由前一分句I always loved treling and always liked to eat可知.
3. B.判断代词that指代的内容.此处that指代前句中的set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.