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从2007年起,广东高考英语写作命题分为“基础写作”（满分15分）和“读写任务”（满分25分）两种,分值（40分）与阅读部分等同,占相当大比重.由此可见,如何提高英语书面表达能力,已经成为摆在我们面前的一个重要课题.特别是“读写任务”的要点或主要内容概括,学生更加束手无策.通过近年高三教学及参加评卷工作,我就“读写任务”概括短文的要点或主要内容的基本步骤,考生易犯错误,参考2007年广东高考教师改卷评分细则,总结出不同体裁的短文概括思路和参考模板,并以高考真题为例,探讨如何有效提高学生“读写任务”的篇章要点概括写作能力.
一、如何概括短文的要点或主要内容
概括短文的要点或主要内容就是用自己的话简要地转述短文的中心思想.基本步骤如下：
1.定.阅读短文,划出关 键 词 句,判断体裁并确定要点概括的人称、时态和模板.
2.写.用同义词、句的转换方法转述内容要点.词数建议控制在25-35词左右.
3.查.检查拼写、人称、时态、语态和主谓一致；检查是否要求“标题自定”.
二、考生易犯错误
1.主旨大意概括不清；
2.完全抄袭原文句子；
3.加入了太多的细节；
4.表达了自己的意见.
三、2007年广东高考教师改卷评分细则
1.完全糊涂地照抄原文,连人称都不改的,得0分.
2.机械死板地照抄原文,只改人称的,得1分.
3.稍微灵活地抄原文,改主语、宾语和原文词序的,得2分.
4.创造性地抄,改主语、宾语和原文词序还有句子结构的,最多得3分.
5.结构,用词,词性变化比较好的,得4-5分.
四、不同体裁的短文概括思路和参考模板
(一)所给材料为记叙文（或夹叙夹议的短文）
概括思路：什么人（什么时间、什么地点）做了什么事情?原因是什么?结果如何?
参考模板：1.（In order to 等, ） sb. did sth.. As a result/ Therefore,等
2. Sb. did sth. because of等, which shows等.
3. Sth. happened. As a result/ Therefore, 等
(二)所给材料为论说文
概括思路：1.文章说明什么现象,做出什么解释或有什么结果?
2.作者提出什么观点?论据是什么?
参考模板：1.The passage/ writer/ author wants to tell us that+现象+解释/结果
2.The writer/author holds the view that + 论点+论据（ +结论）
3.Sth. happened. As a result/ Therefore, 等
五、真题讲练（2012年高考英语试题F/广东卷）
阅读下面短文,然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文.
My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school. She was writing because she wanted to thank for hing a great influence in her life.
In the letter she wrote, “You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math. Before you came to teach us, I had been terribly poor at math, and had never thought that I would be interested in it. To my surprise, you magically showed me the beauty of math. I guess that was the turning point of my attitude towards it. Gradually my interest in it began to grow. Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math, and finally made up my mind to study it in the university. Today I am working as an accountant at Valley Medical Center in California. You played an important part. Thank you!”
What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher! My husband has received many letters from students over the years. This one was special, for it arrived at this time in his life when he is in very poor health.
[写作内容]
1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容.
2.以约120个词就老师影响学生的话题谈谈你的想法,内容包括：
（1）上文使你想起哪位对你帮助最大的老师；
（2）举例说明该老师对你学习或成长的影响；
（3）你怎样看待老师对学生的影响.
[写作要求]
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子.
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称.
[评分标准]
概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,语篇连贯.
概括思路：这是一篇夹叙夹议的记叙文.文章着重叙述相关人物的身份和情感.关 键 词 句是：My husband,a retired teacher,in very poor health,received a letter,his student,she wanted to thank for hing a great influence in her life.
参： The writer’s husband, a retired teacher in poor health, received a special letter from one of his students working as an accountant now, in which the student expressed her thanks for hing a great influence on her.
六、结语
实践证明,只要坚持有序、系统的训练,并形成一套有针对性的、合理高效的训练模式,学生必然能够习得有效信息,懂得如何改善表达,从而提高篇章要点概括能力.
（责任编辑 曾卉）