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摘 要 ：随着中国经济的发展,越来越多的外商决定来中国投资.通过使用波特的理论来分析中国的市场,我们可以清楚的看到,中国的国际贸易与外商投资情况发展的很好.
关 键 词 ：外商投资 波特理论 国际贸易 中国
Abstract： Due to the development of economy, a growing number of foreign panies decided to do business in China. Throughout the analysis of the Chinese market by Porter’s diamond theory, it is clearly that the international trade and foreign investment are developed well in China.
Key words： FDI Porter’s diamond theory international trade China
With the trend of globalization and the development of economy, China has been regarded as one of the most powerful countries in the global economy. According to China Daily, $300 billion foreign direct investment （FDI） went into China during the 1990s. In 2002, China took the place of USA as the world’s largest FDI recipient （Kynge, 2003）. After China entering the WTO, more than 500,000 foreign invested panies were doing business in China, including more than 400 large enterprises of Fortune 500 （Roberts and Kynge, 2003）. China now is known as “the workshop of the world”.
Is China really has such attractive power for FDI? In order to examine a country’s petitiveness, Michael Porter, a famous management scientist, raises a theory which called the Diamond theory. There are four factors included in Porter’s Diamond theory. They are factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy, structure and rivalry.
China’s natural resources, from minerals to energy, are sufficient to support even the growing industrial demands. Moreover, China is the tenth largest oil producer in the world and it is enough to support the daily use and the industry use of natural resources （Liang, 2002）. However, only depends on natural resources cannot win in the international petition. Therefore, in international trade, a country which has an advantage in rich natural resources will be more petitive, and a firm which could make use of both domestic resources and advanced technology will has a petitive advantage over other firms.
Porter argues that a mature and plicated domestic market is a very important element to petitiveness producing. Companies that confront a mature and plicated domestic market are likely to sell superior products because the market needs high quality and a close proximity to such consumers enables the firm to better understand the needs and desires of the customers. As it mentioned above, China has the largest population all over the world, in other words, the domestic needs and the ability of purchase in China are higher than other countries. If a firm can meet the demand of domestic consumers while peting with foreign firms over the world, this must be a petitive firm. Porter also argues that a set of strong associated and supporting industries is important to the petitiveness of firms. This includes suppliers and related industries. China is famous for its handicraft industry and manufacturing industry, therefore, in order to support the handicraft industry and manufacturing industry, some other industries such as transportation industry, IT industry and financial industry should work together to ensure the petitiveness of those lower-stream industry over the world, meanwhile, a growing number of foreign direct investments rushing into Chinese market in order to get a share in this big market.
In Porter’s Diamond theory, strategy of panies will be affected by the Domestic capital markets. Some countries’ capital markets he a long-run outlook, while other countries’ capital markets he a short-run outlook. Industries vary in how long the long-run is. Countries with a short-run outlook will tend to be more petitive in industries where investment is short-term. China used to make several short-run outlooks such as “Five Year Project” and then e to a long-run outlook. However, even the country provides the elementary factors of development, a firm which cannot make right strategies will not be succesul in a short term.
Opportunity and government also play very important roles in developing firm’s petitiveness. According to Chinese current situation, most Chinese important industries are still stated-owned, and regulation through the market cannot be put into practice efficiently under the shadow of the socialist planned economic system （Bajona and Chu, 2009）. However, Chinese government is greatly supporting the development of domestic firms. Government also sets up intermediaries to train staff and provide technical guidance for domestic firms. Therefore, with the help of Chinese government, domestic firms will be more petitive in the international market.
In conclusion, China has been regarded as one of the most powerful countries in the global economy and remained a dream land for many western panies. According to Porter’s diamond theory, Chinese international trade and foreign investment position at present gives a very good opportunity to firms who want to be petitiveness in peting in the international market, and many domestic firms are supported by Chinese policies. Therefore, international trade and foreign investment in China are developed well.
References：
[1]Bajona,C.,&Chu,T.（2009,3）.Reforming state owned enterprises in China：Effects of WTO accession.Review of Economic Dynamics,pp.479-503
[2]Kynge,J.（2003,5 16）.Consumers fuel Chinese growth.Financial Times,p.1
[3]Liang,W.（2002）.Over view of China.China Geography Magazine,56-58
[4]Roberts,D.,&Kynge,J.（2003,2 4）.How cheap labour foreign investment and rapid industrialization are creating a new workshop of the world.Financial Times,p.13