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一、把握文章大意
考生必须在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点及关键信息,也就是理解文章的大意.不懂的词句往往不影响答题,可暂时搁置一边.近年湖南高考阅读填空题的文章大意：2005年说明美国人口老龄化问题,2006年介绍课外素质活动项目,2007年讲家庭膳宿的优缺点,2008年介绍绿色屋顶,2009年说明生态时装,2010年讲实习的优缺点,2011年介绍对青少年有益的网站.
二、熟悉表格结构
常见形式为表格格式和标号提纲格式.表中的语言表达简洁清楚,表达方式有单词和词组,偶有句子出现.表格与文章内容有着内在的对应关系,一般为总分总或总分的结构.
三、处理相关信息
根据表格所设空格,找到答案所在的段落或句子,确定作答的关 键 词 句.在理解该空前后左右提示的基础上,压缩、改动原文表达,确定答案.阅读填空题有直接信息题、整合信息题、概括信息题三种题型.
1.直接信息题
从文章中直接找出试题的相关信息,无需进行任何加工就可将其直接作为试题的答案.这类试题为容易题,在考题中一般有2～3个.
例1 Many 71 are ailable on various websites.
原文：For teenagers,many informative resources on the Inter can be used.
参：71. informative resources
2.整合信息题
需要我们归纳总结相关的原文表述并结合表格所给提示,找到合适的词语,选用正确的形式.这类试题是平时训练的重点,解题需要兼顾内容和形式,即关 键 词 和表达形式.
技巧1：去粗取精
找到原文中的相关句子,去掉无关紧要的词语,如连词、助动词、系动词、冠词、代词、介词等,保留关键的、体现本质的词汇,从而用一个不超过3个词的词组来表达.
例2 Make multiple playlists 76
原文：Then,the listener can make multiple playlists without creating an account（账户） with the site.
分析：最重要的是核心词,而不是无关紧要的介词、冠词及其他无关信息.抓住这一点即可锁定关键信息.
参：76.without an account
技巧2：巧用修饰
灵活运用介词短语、从句、不定式和分词作定语时的相互转换.
例3 ·Learn information about college social life and 74
原文：And still others he pages devoted to the social life at each of the colleges or the specific activities that occur at a certain school.
分析：定语从句常常包含一两个关 键 词 ,考生要能找出来.本句中school即为关 键 词 .
参：74. specific school activities
技巧3：适应表格
根据表格上下左右的提示,注意平行结构,改变关 键 词 的形式.此类题常要求我们用非谓语动词作答.
例4 Educational sites：helping one 72 and search for a college
原文：Educational websites are helpful to a teenager in doing school work and searching for a college.
分析：根据题目表述找到原文关 键 词 in doing school work,由空格后的提示词and 后面的search容易想到用动词原形.
参：72.do school work
例5
原文：Sometimes,they might be laid off（下岗）if business for the employers is slow.
分析：由空格前的介词of 可知,答案应为being laid off.
参：78.being laid off
例6
原文：Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to bee faster. Living in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time municating with their “host parents”,and get to know the local way of life,people and culture.
分析：受词数限制,be likely to 三个词可浓缩为一个possibly,考虑到第79空下面一行knowing的提示可知答案.
参：78. possibly being faster 79. municating with hosts
技巧4：恰当变形
用适当的单词或短语替换原文的句子或较长的表达.
例7 ·half the pay of a journeyman 75
·gradually increasing pay in the process
·90% of 76 near the end
原文：They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman,and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies. Near the end of the apprenticeship,their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive.
分析：根据试题表述看得出start out 为第75题的关 键 词 ,据空格位置和第76空后的提示语near the end可知答案.
参：75.at the beginning 76.a journeyman’s wages
例8
原文：The “graying” of the United States is mainly due to the fact that people in the U.S. are living longer.
分析：根据第79空下面一行的提示信息,可知该空要用所有格形式.
参：78.Causes/Reasons 79.Citizen’s/People’s longer living
3.概括信息题
理解文章,用概括性的词汇描述段落或整篇文章.往年考过的概括性词汇有causes/reasons,effects,aims,results,advantages,conclusion,varieties/types,benefits,aspects,problems,solutions等.
此外,考生还有必要了解评分细则,做到有的放矢：（1）答案超过三个单词的一律不给分.（2）冠词错误、大小写错误、单复数错误不扣分.（3）只拼错一个字母且不影响识辨的单词不扣分.（4）拼错两个字母的单词一律不给分.（5）有严重搭配错误的不给分.（6）与文本意义有冲突的答案一律不给分.（责任编校筑彭益）